December 15th, 2020 by World Resources Institute
Originally published on WRI’s Resource Institute Blog.
By , and
A lot has happened since countries met in Paris in 2015 and agreed on an accord to combat climate change. So far, more than 189 countries ratified or otherwise joined the Paris Climate Agreement, representing more than 81% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 93% once the United States rejoins. Additionally, 19 countries — including United States, Japan, Canada, Germany and Mexico — also developed long-term plans to decarbonize their economies.
Interactive version available here.
As countries implement their targets and policies and develop more detailed pathways to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it’s important to fully understand the global emissions picture and how it changes over time. Our Climate Watch interactive chart explores GHG emissions by country and economic sector1, and shows how top emitters have changed in recent years:
1. The World’s Top Three Emitters Contribute 16 Times the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Bottom 100
The top three greenhouse gas emitters — China, the European Union and the United States — contribute 41.5% of total global emissions, while the bottom 100 countries only account for 2.7%. Collectively, the top 10 emitters account for nearly three-fourths of global GHG emissions.
The world cannot successfully fight climate change without significant action from the top 10 emitters.
2. The Energy Sector is the Biggest Greenhouse Gas Emitter, but Action in Every Sector Counts
Since reporting began in 1990, the energy sector — including electricity, transport, manufacturing, buildings, fugitive and other fossil fuels — remained the largest contributor to GHG emissions over any other sector, representing 73% of global emissions in 2017.
Interactive version available here.
Energy emission have increased by 56% since 1990. However, energy emission growth has slowed down since 2013, only increasing by 3.5% over the last 5 years. While emissions from land-use change and forestry (3rd largest sector) have varied over the years, they remained on a relatively high level.
The other sectors continued to increase their emissions since 1990, including agriculture (12% increase, 2nd largest sector), industrial emissions (180% increase, 4th largest sector), and waste (16% increase, 5th largest sector).
Avoiding the worst climate impacts will require reversing the upwards trend in all sectors and rapidly decreasing emissions to net zero by 2050.
3. Many Top Emitters Are Slowing Down or Reducing Emissions
While the top emitters in total increased their emissions by 47% since 1990, the United States, European Union, Russia and Japan have since peaked and Brazil seems to have stabilized their emissions. Although China, India, Indonesia, Iran and South Korea are still increasing their emission, India and Indonesia have comparatively low emissions per capita.
Interactive version available here.
More recent data from the Global Carbon Project, which covers energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, shows that emission growth slowed down globally since 2013, increasing by an average of 0.7% per year, compared to an average of 1.7% since 1990. This slowing of growth happened even as the global economy grew during the same period and twenty-one countries are already proving that decoupling emissions from economic growth is possible. However, emissions are still on an upwards trend, illustrating the need for increased climate actions to see a decoupling of economic growth and carbon emissions.
Explore Climate Watch
To avoid the worst impacts of climate change, we need to rapidly reduce emissions to net zero by 2050. Climate data is essential to understanding the latest emissions trends and countries’ short- and long-term actions that will bend the emission curve downward.
Climate Watch, WRI’s climate data platform, offers hundreds of open datasets that visualize historical greenhouse gas emissions of all countries, regions, sectors and various types of greenhouse gasses. The platform allows users to analyze and compare the nationally-determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term Strategies (LTS) under the Paris Agreement, discover countries’ climate policies, see how countries can leverage their climate goals to achieve their sustainable development objectives and use models to map new pathways to a lower carbon, prosperous future. These tools can help illuminate what changes must be made and chart a path toward achieving net-zero.
¹ The three conclusions explored in this article are based on 2017 data for all sectors, including land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) emissions. However, the interactive circle percentage chart does not show LULUCF emissions, as those emissions can be negative. The circle chart also shows preliminary data for 2018, but please note that agricultural emissions from the FAO will be updated in December 2020. Visit Climate Watch to see shows a full inventory for 2017 of all sectors, gases and countries, including LULUCF emissions.
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World Resources Institute is a global research organization that spans more than 50 countries, with offices in Brazil, China, Europe, India, Indonesia, and the United States. Our more than 450 experts and staff work closely with leaders to turn big ideas into action to sustain our natural resources—the foundation of economic opportunity and human well-being. Find out more at www.wri.org